超高效液相色谱法测定吡蚜酮在棉花和土壤中的残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-亲水色谱柱测定吡蚜酮在棉花和土壤中残留量的分析方法。样本在弱碱条件下采用分散固相萃取(QuEChERS)法进行前处理。结果表明:吡蚜酮在棉叶和棉籽中添加水平为0.05~0.50 mg/kg时,其平均回收率分别为76.9%~91.1%和76.4%~93.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.2%~8.2%和6.2%~9.8%;在土壤中添加水平为0.02~0.5 mg/kg时,平均回收率为83.8%~94.6%,RSD为5.3%~8.0%。在山东和河南两地按推荐剂量(有效成分30 g/hm2)和1.5倍推荐剂量(有效成分45 g/hm2)施用10%吡蚜酮·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂后4 d,吡蚜酮在土壤和棉叶中的残留量分别低于0.02和0.05 mg/kg;至收获时,其在土壤和棉籽中的最终残留量低于0.02和0.05 mg/kg。     

中华红叶杨的扦插繁殖技术

中华红叶杨叶片颜色春、夏、秋三季四色,既可以作为彩叶树种又可以作为用材树种,不仅集绿化、彩化、净化多种功能于一体,而且作为速生树种,经济效益显著。中华红叶杨的扦插繁殖技术要点：选地整地、剪取插穗、适时扦插,田间管理措施遵循及时浇水、中耕,松土锄草、摘芽修枝的原则。     

新疆南部棉区转Bt基因棉花Bt杀虫蛋白表达规律研究

为研究新疆南部植棉区转Bt基因棉花Bt杀虫蛋白时空表达规律,本文利用ELISA技术于2009年和2010年对南疆种植的转Bt基因棉花‘中棉所41’、‘中棉所43’、‘236’、‘K9030’、‘T3’、‘中棉所44’、‘中棉所45’、‘K7’和‘SGK321’各生育期中不同器官中的Bt杀虫蛋白含量进行测定。结果发现：在时间表达上,大多数转Bt基因棉花叶片的Bt杀虫蛋白含量随着棉花发育进程而逐渐下降,在子叶期含量最高,至蕾期或吐絮期达到最低点。并且不同品种间Bt杀虫蛋白含量差异显著。在空间表达上,在花铃期,棉铃和花苞叶的Bt杀虫蛋白含量最低,大多数品种表现为叶片＞棉蕾＞花瓣（花柱）＞棉铃和花苞叶。     

两种化学改良剂对盐渍化土壤作用机制及对棉花生长的影响

通过对膜下滴灌棉田施加旱地龙和禾康两种土壤改良剂,研究两种不同化学改良剂对改良盐碱地的应用效果及对棉花生长与产量的影响,为盐碱地改良提供理论依据.结果表明:在滴灌棉田施用旱地龙和禾康后,土体含盐量呈下降趋势,脱盐率分别为30.3%和17.7%,而对照区脱盐率仅为10.4%;借助钠吸附比概念对土壤阳离子组成进行分析,旱地...     

新疆超高产棉花群体质量指标研究

在南疆自然生态条件下,2008～2009年对不同产量水平棉花主要群体质量指标研究,阐明超高产棉花不同生育阶段群体质量指标特征及对产量形成的影响,为新疆超高产棉花大面积栽培提供理论依据.结果表明:与高产和中低产棉花相比,超高产棉花开花前株高、现蕾速率增长较快,至开花期超高产棉花株高达到55 cm;现蕾期叶龄每增加1龄现蕾...     

加压滴灌技术在棉花、小麦上应用的经济效益评价

采用经济学评价方法,通过对加压滴灌棉花和小麦生产和管理运行成本、单位面积产值、纯收益和成本收益率等进行全面的分析评价,并与常规地面灌棉花和小麦进行对比分析,为加压滴灌在粮食作物上的进一步扩大推广提供依据.结果表明.加压滴灌棉花纯效益每公顷为10859.1元,成本纯收益率为64.82%,与常规灌溉棉花生产相比,成本纯收益...     

液压传动技术在烟草打顶机上的应用

针对烟草中后期田间管理阶段的打顶及喷施抑芽剂时,作业人员劳动强度大、生产效率低,严重影响烟草产量和质量的现状,研制出高地隙三轮自走式全液压烟草打顶机。该机采用T型车架及高架式机体,液压驱动行走、转向、制动系统,以及液压操纵烟草打顶、喷施药剂系统。该打顶机液压系统传递功率大、结构紧凑、布置灵活,且易于实现无级调速及过载保护,便于控制、操作简便,可高效地完成烟草打顶及喷施药剂作业。     

灌木平茬机沙地通过性仿真研究

为研究灌木平茬机在科尔沁沙地的通过性能,基于ADAMS/ATV建立了其虚拟样机模型及符合沙地特性的平地、坡路、垂直障碍、凹坑、正弦路面等虚拟地形,进行了灌木平茬机在典型路面上行驶的仿真分析。结果表明,灌木平茬机能够平稳通过所建立的虚拟地形,在沙地上具有较好的通过性能,转向平稳。根据仿真结果确定灌木平茬机主动轮的最佳直径为280 mm、转向半径为0.75 m。     

瓦楞纸板自动横切机控制系统设计

针对国内瓦楞纸板生产效率低、剪损大的缺点,研制开发了瓦楞纸板自动横切系统,详细分析了其工作原理、系统构成和功能实现.现场使用表明：该系统具有自动化程度高,切割精度高,产品成本低等优点.     

Investigating the effects of simulated transport vibration on tomato tissue damage based on vis/NIR spectroscopy

Visible and near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics were investigated to evaluate the effects of simulated transport vibration levels on damage of tomato fruit. A total of 280 tomato samples were randomly divided into 5 groups; each group was subjected to vibration at different acceleration levels. A total of 230 samples (46 from each group) were selected as a calibration set; whereas 50 samples (10 from each group) were selected as a prediction set. Raw spectra, differentiation (the first derivative) spectra, extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) processed spectra and standard normal variant combined with detrending (SNV–DT) processed spectra were used for calibration models. SNV–DT processed spectra had the best performance using for partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The PLS analysis was implemented to calibrate models with different wavelength bands including visible, short-wave near infrared (SWNIR) and long-wave near infrared (LWNIR) regions. The best PLS model was obtained in the vis/NIR (600–1600 nm) region. Using a grid search technique and radial basis function (RBF) kernel, four least squares support vector machine (LS–SVM) models with different latent variables (7, 8, 9, and 10 LVs) were compared. The optimal model was obtained with 9 LVs and the correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for the best prediction by LS–SVM were 0.984, 0.137 and 0.003, respectively. The results showed that vis/NIR spectroscopy could be applied as a reliable and rapid method for predicting the effect of vibration levels on tissue damage of tomato fruit.